This study provides quantitative geochemical, petrological, and mineralogical data onrnmajor rock types and emeralds of the kilkile area. The meta-basic rocks containingrn740ppm Cr provided the amount necessary for emerald mineralization. Emeraldhostingrnbiotite schist is confined to the contacts of quartz- feldspar- muscoviternpegmatite dykes/veins with meta-basics. The pegmatite dykes are genetically related torna fertile granite pluton within the Adola district. The formation of biotite schist fromrnmeta-basic rocks is associated with the introduction of pegmatitic components in to thernmeta-basics, causing enrichment with the pegmatitic composition. Quartz-feldsparmuscoviternpegmatites of the kilkile area belongs to the rare-element pegmatites of thernLCT family with common beryllium enrichment (12ppm). These pegmatiterndykes/veins intruded the N-S orienting regional structures. The emeralds have higherrnMgO (0.26-4.08 wt. %), Fe2O3 (1.39-2.18 wt. %), Al2O3 (17.7- 20.1 wt. %), CaO (1.25-rn3.85 wt. %), K2O (0.07-1.7 wt. %), P2O5 (0.02-1.88) and Be (527-1000 ppm) and lowerrnCr2O3 (0.01-0.09 wt. %) and SiO2 (59.13-61.79 wt. %) contents. The relatively higherrnvalue of iron and magnesium in the kilkile emerald might attribute for thernferromagnesian nature of the meta-basic rocks or aggressiveness of the brine solutionrnin liberating Mg and Fe from meta-basic rocks. The low chromium content in the metabasicrnrocks contribute for chromium deficiency in the emerald. The high value ofrnFe2O3 depresses the green colour in addition to low Cr2O3. Compared to the Zambian,rnthe meta-basic rocks in the case of Ethiopia have low magnesium and iron content.rnHowever, the relatively higher value of iron and magnesium in Ethiopian emeraldrnmight contribute for relative competency of magnesium and iron in occupying thernaluminium site in the crystal structure of beryl. The higher value of K2O in thernEthiopian emeralds than in Zambian might suggest the role of potassium metasomatismrnat the pegmatite and meta-basic contact. The genesis of Ethiopian emerald holds thernclassical model for emerald mineralization, the condition in which pegmatites interactrnwith the surrounding meta-basic rocks. The current mining activity at kilkile arearnrequires vertical to horizontal ratio chances due to the overlapping of mining progressrnwith direction with the dipping of the host rock units. Therefore, low vertical tornhorizontal ratio is recommended for the western berms of the mining pits.