Introduction: Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways. It imposes a largernburden on individuals and health care systems so that periodic research on the prevalence andrnfactors that lead patients to visit ER is mandatory for proper health care planning, managementrnand prevention of the problem in order to reduce health care cost, morbidity and mortalityrnthereby assuring productive citizens.rnObjective: The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of asthma and factors thatrnlead patients to visit adult emergency room of Zewditu Memorial Hospital, Addis Ababa,rnEthiopia, and 2017 GC.rnMethodology: A descriptive institutional based crossectional retrospective study was conductedrnin adult emergency room of Zewditu Memorial Hospital. Data was collected from HMIS recordrnand then from personal health records of patients, who visited adult emergency room fromrnFebruary 1, 2016 to February 1, 2017. Finally it was analyzed with SPSS Version 20 andrnpresented in tables and graphs.rnResult: from the total 120patients studied 55 (45.8%) were males and 65(54.2%) were femalerngiving a male to female ratio of0.84 to 1.0. The prevalence of bronchial asthma was 1.5%.rnMajority of age group found in the age class of 34-43 years and 54-63 that accounts 31(25.8%)rnand 25(20.8%) respectively. Only 7(5.8%) patients found in the age class of 14-23 years. Thernmean age of the patient was 46.73 with SD of 17.5. Most of the patients, 63(52.5%) werernmoderate, 27 (22.5%) were mild and 30(25%) were severe asthma. From the study subjects,rn61(50.8%) were forced to visit emergency due to exposure to allergen, 21(17.5%) due to severityrnof asthma, 13(10.8%) came due to dug compliance poor adherence to regular treatment) and thernrest 25(20.8%) had come due to other reasons like stress, exercise,rnConclusion: There was a low prevalence of asthma with no sex difference. The dominantrnsymptoms found from the study subjects were wheezing, dyspnea and cough. Most patientsrnclassified as moderate asthma and most patients come to emergency due to exposure to differentrnallergens. So health professionals in the ED should classify asthma severity properly accordingrnto GINA guide line and give regular education about the triggering factors of asthma.rnKey Words: Prevalence, Emergency department, Asthma, ZMH