Study Of Second And Third Order Ionospheric Effect On Global Positioning System (gps) Signals Along The Equatorial Regions

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Ionosphere is the major source of error for geodetic applications despite the fact that it’s possible to removernmost of the effect using its dispersive nature. However, it’s only the first order of the ionospheric effect thatrncan be removed using dual frequencies signal observations. The second and third order ionosphere effectrncannot be removed though we can model their effects on geodetic applications such as their effects on GlobalrnPositioning System (GPS) signals. The study mainly focuses on the assessment of higher order (second andrnthird) ionosphere effects on GPS for accurate positioning along the equatorial regions. Some stations at higherrnlatitudes were also included in our GPS data processing for comparison purposes. GAMIT/GLOBK softwarernwas used to process the GPS data including a suite of other ancillary information.rnThe time series of the residuals from the final GAMIT/GLOBK result were compared with the geomagneticrnfield effects and solar cycle (sunspot activities). High ionopheric effects on the GPS signals from stationsrnalong the equator were observed relative to stations at higher latitudes due to the fact that total electronrncontent density is high along the equator. In addition to this, the contribution of Equatorial Electrojet (EEJ) tornionospheric disturbances is higher along the equator. Higher total electron content was also observed for thernstations from the equatorial region in particular on years 2002 and 2012 as these are the years where solarrnactivity were at maximum.rnKeywords: GPS, Higher order ionosphereic effects, Total electron contents density, Geomagnetic field

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Study Of Second And Third Order Ionospheric Effect On Global Positioning System (gps) Signals Along The Equatorial Regions

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