The resettlement program in Chewaka Woreda, fllubabor zone, has a noble goal of ensuring foodrnself-sufficiency among the people located in chronically food insecure areas of East and WestrnHararghe zones of Oromia Jlegion. 1he program claimed to provide a rational use of availablernland by readjusting man-land ratio and again with the myth of using zmder/unutilized lands.rnHowever, the majority of the resettlers experienced hardships and antagonistic relations with thernlocal population.rnThose hOllseholdf who were able to secure the promised two hectares of land were complainingrnabout the land types that are in most cases uncultivable without tractors and agriculturalrnmachineries. As a result, they have been forced to remove forests and hillside plantations forrncultivation and irrigation, which instigated conflict between the neighboring Gumuz and the localrnresettlers.rnIn addition, there are two main rivers in the vicinity the resettlers are not allowed to use waterrnfor irrigation since the Gumuz depend on the rivers for transportation. This has also createdrntension and instability between the two ethnic groups which in most cases en'pted to violentrnconflicts. The Gumuz people have been hostile towards resettlers due to the intensified cutting ofrntrees by the new-comers which in turn affected production of honey using beehives. The latter hasrndecreased their incomes significantly.rnAlthough such problems persisted even before the arrival of the resettlers, the study showed thatrnthe performance of natural resource conservation and peacefi'l coexistence has deteriorated afterrnthe commencement of the program.rnThe pressure on the environment continue to be a challenge in Chewaka, Little effort has beenrnmade to correct such acts; the local authorities are primarily focusing on provision of land orrnconstmcting Kebele offices at the expense of the environment. Furthermore there is no awarenessrnraising organized by NGOs, CBOs or other concerned community groups.rnConsiderable impact of Chewaka resettlement on the livelihood and integration of hosts andrnresettlers is witnessed that supplements the ideas of other similar studies. Moreover, the findingsrntried to indicate the need for more intervention, investigation to improve the food securityrnsituation of the country.