In Vitro Anti-leishmanial Activities Of 80 Methanol Extract Of Brucea Antidysenterica J.f. Mill Seeds And Its Solvent Fractions

Leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease threatening lives of about 350 million people ,rnglobally. However, the currently available treatment options are limited and have drawbacksrnincluding variable efficacy, toxicity and unaffordability. Seeds of Brucea antidysenterica is usedrnfor the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis in traditional medicine. This study was aimed tornevaluate its anti-leishmanial activity in vitro. Following preliminary anti-leishmanial activityrnstudies, crude (80% methanol) extract of Brucea antidysenterica and its fractions were evaluatedrnfor their anti-leishmanial activities against promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes ofrnLeishmania donovani and Leishmania aethiopica, and for their cytotoxic effects againstrnmammalian cells. The quantitative estimations of total phenolic compounds (TPC), flavonoidsrn(TFC) and alkaloids (TAC) were determined, spectrophotometrically. The crude extract and itsrnhexane, ethyl acetate and butanol fractions showed anti-leishmanial activities with IC50rn values ofrn(4.14 ± 0.62 ≤ IC50 rn≤ 60.12 ± 6.95 µg/ml) against promastigotes, and (6.16 ± 1.12 ≤ IC50 rn≤ 40.12rn± 5.30 µg/ml) against amastigotes of both Leishmania species. They showed moderaterncytotoxicity against Vero cell lines and peritoneal mice macrophages with CC50 rnvalues of 100 ≤rnCC50 rn≤ 500 µg/ml but > 1600 µg/ml against red blood cells. Having the selectivity index of (7.97rn≤ SI ≤ 30.97), the crude extract and its fractions showed selectivity toward Leishmania parasites.rnThe crude extract, and its ethyl acetate and hexane fractions possessed (54.78 ± 1.39 ≤ TPC rn≤rn127.72 ± 1.82 mg of gallic acid equivalent), (18.30 ± 0.07 ≤ TFC rn≤ 79.21 ± 0.19 mg of quercetinrnequivalent) and (27.62 ± 0.27 ≤ TAC rn≤ 97.22 ± 0.25 mg of atropine equivalent) per gram ofrnextracts. The seeds of the plant possessed anti-leishmanial activities against L. aethiopica and L.rndonovani that might provide a scientific justification for its use in the treatment of leishmaniasisrnby traditional healers. Future works are recommended to isolate, purify and identify the possiblernsecondary metabolites attributed to the anti-leishmanial activity of seeds of B. antidysenterica.

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