An ecological study of the vegetation on the EasternrnEscarpment of Eritrea from an altitude of 190 meters to anrnaltitude of 2075 meters above sea ;level Vias performed.rnseventy-seven stands o[ere selected systematically and allrnplants found in the stands o[ere recorded as present. Arnnumber of environmental factors including slope, aspect,rnaltitude and percentage of rock cover at the surface verernmeasured. Soils sample Vlere also taken from each stand andrnanalysed for texture organic matter, color, conductivity,rnpH and the cations K, Ca, Mg; Na and Mn. The vegetationrndata Vlere analysed by tVlo"vIaY indicator species analysis andrn10 homogenous groups of stands were formed. The groups ofrnstands Vlere compared for their averaged environmental factorsrnusing the t-test. Rank correlation was also computed for thernaverages of the different environmental factor in each stand grouP.rnThe groups of stands Vlere observed to shoVi the highestrnnumber of contrasts in altitude. Altitude in itself doesrnhave any effect on the distribution of vegetation, but it isrnassociated with changes in atmospheric pressure, moisture,rntemperature and other factors. In the study region the amountrnand distribution 6f moisture was the factor that Vias mostlyrnhighly associated with altitude. It can thus be said that thernmain cause for the variation in vegetation on the EasternrnEscarpment of Eritrea was the difference in moisture. Variaticn of moisture betIVeen the stands IVas also accompanied by variationsrnin soil physical and chemical characteristics and topoqraphicrnfactors.rnOrdination studies IVere also performed using detrendedrncorrespondence analysis, reciprocal averaging and IVeightedaveragesrnordination. The results from these studies confirmedrnthe findings from the classification by the two-way indicatorrnspecies analysis.