In this paper, pulping of wheat straw with Kraft process was studied. Chemical andrnmorphological properties of wheat straw fibers were also investigated. Chemical propertiesrnincluding cellulose (39.8%), hemicellulose (29.47%), lignin (20.98%), ash (6.27%) andrnextractives (4.1%) were determined. Fiber length, diameter, lumen width and cell wallrnthickness were 1210, 17.20, 8.40 and 3.80Î¼m, respectively. Wheat straw has acceptablernRunkel ratio (0.9) and flexibility coefficient (48.8) in the range of non-woods.rnVarious pulping conditions including composition of cooking liquor (10, 15 and 20%) andrncooking temperature (130, 140 and 150oC) at reaction times (30, 60 and 120 min) werernstudied systematically to determine the suitable pulping conditions. The influence of pulpingrnconditions on the pulp obtained (Yield and Kappa number) and paper strength propertiesrn(tensile, tear and bursting strength) are analyzed by three-factor and orthogonal experiments,rnand optimum pulping conditions are obtained. The best properties of the pulp and hand sheetsrnwere obtained with 10% sodium hydroxide, in the cooking solvent, 136.9oC cookingrntemperature and 30 min as cooking time. As a result of using the processing variables overrnthe variation ranges considered, the following optimum values of the dependent variablesrnwere obtained: 33.91% (yield), 16.76 (kappa number), 4027m (breaking length), 8.96*10-3rnNm2g-1 (tear index) and 2.66 KNg-1 (burst index) for pulps and hand sheets. In general,rnresults based on chemical and morphological analysis indicated that wheat straw fibers arernpromising fibrous raw material for the paper production.