This study is concerned with Female street Children and women who are the most vulnerablernsegment of the society who need to get all appropriate, sufficient assistance and support tornimprove their livelihood in particular and their life in general. The government as well as otherrnstockholders including NGOs have a big responsibility to play to improve the livelihood of Streetrnchildren and women. The main objective of the study is to show and find out the roles andrnchallenges of women and children affairs offices of Yeka and Arada sub cities from therngovernment side as well as Muday Charity Association and MCMDO from NGO side towardsrnimproving the livelihood of Female Street children and women by applying descriptive researchrnmethod using purposive sampling techniques. Data was collected through Interview andrnquestionnaires from the selected institutions managers & NGOs managers and from FSCW asrnwell. The findings show that the roles being played by the government Institutions towardsrnimproving the livelihood of SCW is insignificant and inefficient comparing to the need andrnsensitivity of the issue due to lack of proper attention other than many. And the roles beingrnplayed by the selected NGOs is much better than that of the government institutions despite thernfact that there are limitations in their service and challenges that they have. Finally, the studyrnconcludes that higher government authority should and must give all the necessary attention tornimprove the livelihood of FSCW who are very vulnerable and who needs support, the institutionsrnmust get all the necessary resource to conduct their tasks and NGOs also need to be encouragedrnto continue rendering service to FSCW in a consistent manner. The study used important wordsrnthroughout the chapters like Livelihood, Female Street Children, Street Women, NGOs andrnInstitutions