Tuberculosis control policies emphasize the importance of case finding and treatment, particularly ofrnSmear-positive cases aiming at a cure rate of 85%. This is a Cross-sectional survey which was mainlyrnaimed to estimate the magnitude of smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis among Addis Ababa City Busrndrivers and cash collectors. The specific objectives were to determine the proportion of all forms ofrntuberculosis among the bus drivers and cash collectors; to determine the proportions of smear-negativernand extra-pulmonary TB cases, relapses, defaulters, and treatment failures among all types of thernidentified TB cases; to determine the proportion of registered Smear-positive TB cases among all thernidentified cases; and to look for trends in the magnitude of tuberculosis over the years. A total of 903 [466rn(51.6%) Addis Ababa City Bus drivers and 437 (48.4%) cash collectors] aged between 19 and 59 yearsrn(mean age = 35.6 years) were screened for tuberculosis. Six hundred and forty (70.9%) were males andrn263(29.1%) females. The study took place starting from December 28/2003 to March 15/2004. A pretestedrnstandardized questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic characteristics and clinicalrninformation. All the study participants had a full physical examination and laboratory tests (sputum smearrnfor AFB, chest x-ray, and FNA) were ordered for all suspected TB cases as recommended by the NationalrnTuberculosis and Leprosy Control Guide line. EPI-INFO Version 6 and SPSS statistical packages werernused for data entry and analysis. There were 12(1328/100,000) existing cases of tuberculosis andrn4(442/100,000) newly diagnosed. The prevalence of Smear-positive pulmonary TB (PTB+) wasrn4/903(443/100,000) (P >0.05). There was no significant difference with the proportion of smear-positivernpulmonary TB cases in Wereda 16, Addis Ababa (189/100,000). The prevalence of all types ofrntuberculosis was 16/903(1772/100,000) (P< 0.05) as compared with the prevalence of notified cases inrnAddis Ababa in 2003(372/100,000). The proportion of Smear-negative pulmonary TB (PTB-) casesrnamong all types of tuberculosis was 8/16(50%) (P>0.05) and the proportion of extra-pulmonaryrntuberculosis (EPTB) 3/16(18.8%) (P> 0.05). In Addis Ababa the two proportions were 33.4% and 33.01%rnrespectively. The proportion of relapse TB cases was 1/16(6.25%). There was no association between thernprevalence of tuberculosis and the various socio-demographic characteristics. All the identified casesrnwere registered in health institutions where there were DOTS program (P