The Challenges Of Primary Education Expansion In The Pastoralist Woredas Of Borana Zone Of Oromia Regional State

It is hardly possible for a country to achieve a sound economic, social or cultural development inrna situation where its citizens do not have and pass through a well established education system orrnwith the exclusion of part of a society. Pastoralists are among the marginalized groups of societyrnwho live in a marginalized environment and whose livelihood is exposed to the vagaries ofrnclimate and harsh environmental conditions.rnThe main purpose of this study was to investigate the challenges of primary education expansionrnin the pastoralist Woredas of Borana zone of Oromia Region and find innovative strategies tornalleviate the challenges.rnDescriptive survey method was used for the study and the data were secured from nineteenrnsampled schools from three Woredas in Borana zone. Multi stage cluster sampling withrnprobability proportional to size (PPS) technique where size is the number of schools per Woredarnis used to select the samples. The respondents were 43 school administrators, 208 teachers, 30rnstudents, 13 Parent Teacher Association members and 5 educational officials. The secondaryrndata on students’ enrolments, dropout status and school facilities were also collected from thernschools, the Woreda and Zonal education offices.rnQuantitative and qualitative data using questionnaires, unstructured interviews, focus grouprndiscussions and document analysis were generated and descriptive survey method was used tornanalyze the data. Frequency table, chart, mean, standard deviation, t-test and correlation werernapplied for the statistical analysis. The study identified several cultural and economic barriersrnsuch as early marriage, lack of interest for modern education, parental level of education,rnmobility, child labor, poverty, finance, etc.rnAt the end, a series of recommendations aimed principally at policy-makers, governmentrnofficials at different levels and schools and pastoralist community such as: a multi-purposernpastoralist education policy, incentives such as special salary allotment, hardship allowance,rnadditional benefits like scholarships for the teachers, distance education and night school,rncapacity building training, flexible calendar, etc were suggested in order to curb the challenges ofrnprimary education expansion in the pastoralist Woredas of Borana zone of Oromia region

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