Antidiarrhoael Effect Of Methanol Stem Bark Extract Of Hymenocardia Acida (euphobiaceae) In Laboratory Animals

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the antidiarrheal activity of the methanolstem bark extract of Hymenocardia acida in some laboratory animals. They methanolstem bark extract of Hymenocardia acida (MEHA) was prepared from the freshly collectedstem bark of the plant. The stem bark was collected from Galadimawa village, Giwa localgovernment area of Kaduna State. The plant material was identified and authenticated by abotanist in the herbarium section of the Department of Botany Faculty of Life SciencesAhmadu Bello University Zaria Nigeria and a voucher specimen (1275) was deposited forfuture reference. The plant material was washed, shade dried, pulverized and sieved toobtained fine powder. The powdered plant material was extracted with 70% v/v methanolby cold maceration for three days with occasional shaking and agitation. The mixture wasthen filtered using whattman No 1 filter paper and the filtrate was later concentrated over awater bath at temperature of 40 to 450C to obtained dried extract. The dried extract waskept in a bottle until needed for used. Preliminary phytochemical screening was carriedout using thin layer chromatography analysis (TLC). Acute toxicity study was carried outusing the method described in Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development(OECD) guidelines 423. Invivo antidiarrheal screening of the extract at the doses of 600,300 and 150 mg/kg body weight was conducted using castor oil induced diarrhea model,castor oil induced enteropooling and gastric transit in mice model. In vitro study wascarried out on isolated rabbit jejunum and guinea pig ileum using ugo basilemicrodynamometer, at extract concentration of (8 x 10-2 to 640 x 10-2 mg/ml) andthereafter interacted with spasmogens; acetylcholine and histamine at concentration of (2 x10-5 to 16 x 10-5). Alkaloids, glycoside, saponin, tanins, triterpenes, flavonoids, and steroids were detected from the extract. The result of the acute toxicity study revealed theLD50 value to be in excess of 2000 mg/kg. The methanol stem bark extract ofHymenocardia acida at all doses investigated significantly (p≤ 0.05) and dose dependentlydelayed the onset of diarrhea in all the investigated groups in castor oil induced diarrheamodel compared to the control group. The extract at the doses of 300 and 600 mg/kg alsoreduced the frequency of diarrheal feces compared to the negative control group.Significant reduction (p≤0.05) in the propulsive movement and transit of charcoal mealwas observed at 600 mg/kg dose of the extract in gastric transit time in mice model. Allextract treated groups produced significant reduction (p≤0.05) in the volume of fluidaccumulation compared to the deionized water treated group in fluid accumulation test.The methanol stem bark extract (8 x 10-2 to 640 x 10-2 mg/ml) produced significantreduction in the tone and rate of spontaneous contraction of rabbit jejunum and relaxesguinea pig ileum. The extract upon interaction with the spasmogens; acetylcholine andhistamine (2 x 10-5 to 16 x 10-5) inhibited contraction induced by both Acetylcholine andhistamine in a concentration dependent manner. The result of this study suggests that themethanol stem bark extract of Hymenocardia acidapossess antidiarrheal activity thatjustified its ethnomedical use in the treatment of diarrhea by herbal practitioners

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