The Prevalence And Antibiograms Of Salmonella And E. Coli Isolated From Meat Milk Bovine Faeces And Human Stool In Zaria

A total of 700 specimens comprising of 50 specimens each of raw meat,"suya", "Kilishi", Lymph nodes, bile, kidney and 100 specimens each of freshmilk, fermented milk ("nono"), bovine rectal swab and human stool were examinedfor Salmonella and Escherichia coli. Salmonella - Shigella agar and Eosinmethylene blue agar were used as isolation media for Salmonella and E. colirespectively.The range of aerobic plate and coliform counts in some specimens analysedwere 5.0 x 101 - 4.95 x 10J CFU/g and 1.0 x 101 - 5.05 x 101 CFU/g ofunprocessed meat products (raw meat and kidney) respectively. For theprocessed meat products ("Suya" and Kilishi) the range of aerobic plate andcoliform counts were 2.0 x 10l - 6.3 x 10J CFU/g and 1.0 x 101 - 5.0 x 10T CFU/gof specimens respectively. The range of aerobic plate and coliform counts offermented milk ("nono") were 5.0 x 10s - 4.95 x 101 CFU/ml and 1.05 x 101 - 4.85x 105 CFU/ml of specimen respectively, with a pH range of 4-5.2. For fresh milk,the range of aerobic plate and coliform counts were 5.0 x 10 - 6.0 x 10 CFU/mland 1.0 x 10 - 4.5 x 10 CFU/ml of specimen respectively.Ten Salmonella isolates and fifty nine E. coli isolates were obtained. Theisolation frequency of Salmonella were human stool (3%), raw meat (630 andlymph nodes (8%). Salmonella was not isolated from bovine rectal swabs, fromprocessed meat, bile, kidney, fermented milk (nono) and fresh milk. All theisolates biochemically identified as Salmonella agglutinated in Salmonellapolyvalent "O" group A-S antiserum.The Salmonella isolates were tested for susceptibility to nine antimicrobialagents and nine of the isolates were sensitive to Tetracycline and Nalidixic acid.All the isolates were resistant to Ampicillin, Cotrimoxazole and Chloramphenicol.The percentage of isolates foundto be resistant to four or more, five or more, six or more and seven or moredrugs were 100. 70 and 50 respectively. Of the six p a t t e r n s of multiple resistanceseen, the most common was cotrimoxazole - streptomycin -Nitrofurantoin-Augmentin-Gentamicin-Ampioillin- chloramphenicol occurring in five isolates. Noneof the isolates was resistant to all the drugs tested.The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for all the nine Salmonellaisolates were 3ug/ml for Ampicillin, 0.8ug/ml for Gentamicin, 2ug/ml forStreptomycin and 1.5ug/ml for Chloramphenicol.Out of the fifty nine E. coli isolates, 19(32.2%) were classifiedenteropathoccenic E. cpli. The percentage isolation of E. coli from the followingspecimens were as follows: human stool (16%), raw meat (18%), "suya" (4%), Lymphnode (20%). bile (30%), kidney (4%), fermented milk (nono) (1%) and fresh milk(4%). E. coli was not isolated from bovine rectal swab and "Kilishi".Thirty five E. coli isolates were tested for susceptibility to eightantimicrobial agents and one isolate from raw meat was resistant to all the d r u g s.All t h i r t y five E. coli isolates were resistant to Cotrimoxazole and Nitrofurantoin.Out of the t h i r t y five E. coli isolates tested for susceptibility, only the p a t t e r nsfor the 19 enteropathogenio E. coli were studied. Ten p a t t e r n s of resistance wereobtained and the most common pattern was Ampicillin - Augmentin - Nalidixic acid- Nitrofurantoin -Tetracycline - Cotrimoxazole occurring 4 times. The MIC ofTetracycline, Ampicillin, Gentamicin and Streptomycin for all studiedenteropathogenio E. cpli were 6ug/ml, 6ug/ml,1.6iig/ml, and 3ug/ml, respectively.The presence of Salmonellae and enteropathogenic E. coli in any of thespecimens could be a health risk as Salmonellosis and E. coli associated gastrointestinaldisorder may result. Furthermore, it was observed that multipleresistance to antibiotics in current application is widespread amongst the localisolates of Salmonellae and E. cpli.

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