The Epidemiology Of Schistosomiasis In Lere Local Government Area Kaduna State Nigeria.

An epidemiological survey of schistosomiasis was carriedout among school children between the ages of 7-20 years intwelve primary schools selected randomly within Lere LocalGovernment area of Kaduna State, Nigeria, between November1994 and April 1996.Questionnaires were issued to obtain information fromeach pupil. The modified quick-Kato technique was used in thelaboratory analysis of the stool samples. Of the 1159 pupilscomprising 635 males and 524 females whose stool samples wereexamined, the overall prevalence of Schistosoma mansoni was11.3%. The intensity of the disease was light (1-26 eggs pergramme of faeces). The disease was encountered in both males(13.5%) and females (8.8%). The disease in females decreasewith age while in males it increased with age. There werestatistically significant (P<0.05) differences between theprevalence of males and females and the different age groupsThe sedimentation method was used in the laboratoryanalysis of the urine samples. The overall prevalence ofSchistosoma haematobium was 12.3%. The disease occured inmales (15.9%) and in females (6.9%). The overall prevalencewas higher in males than in females. The highest prevalence inmales and females was in the age group of 13 years and above.There were statistically significant (P<0.O5) differencesbetween the prevalence of the disease in males and females andviiamong the different age groups. The prevalence rate of thedisease varied greatly among the different schools. There wasno statistical significant difference between the prevalenceof schistosoma mansoni and Schistosoma haematobium in thestudy area.The overall intensity of S. haematobium was 17 geometricmean egg count per 10 mls of urine. There was an associationbetween the S. haematobium infection and haematurda (0R=7.6).There was an association between schistosomiasis (due toS.mansoni and S. haematobium) the sources of water and manwatercontact activities, (fishing and swimming), history ofbloody stool also showed a strong association with S. mansoniinfection.Other intestinal parasites encountered in the faecalsamples were hookworm, (34.3%); Entamoeba coli, (6.6%);Taenia, (1.7%); Enterobins vermicularis, (1.5%); Ascaris,(0.9%); Entamoeba histolytica, (0.3%); Trichuris trichura,0.04%).Four species of snails namely Lymnaea natalensisBulinus globosus, Bulinus forskali and Biomphalariapfeifferi were encountered in the water bodies during thesurvey of the snail fauna. In Maigamo and Kudaru streams,Lymnaea natalensis, Buiinus globosus and Bismphalariapfeifferi were detected. In Yarkasuwa, Bulinus globosus,Bulinus forskali and Biomphalaria pfeifferi species and inSaminaka, Lere and Mariri, Bulinus globosus, Bulinus forskali.

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