This research work was undertaken to survey the impact of the high rate of failures in shorthand in the department of secretarial studies, Benue state Polytechnic, Ugbokolo.

It consists of five chapters. Chapter one deals with background of the study, statement of problem, purpose of study, scope of the study, significance of the study, research questions and definition of terms. While chapter two reviewed some related literatures.

Chapter three consists of research methodology and design, which was discussed by the researcher. The analysis of the data collected by the researcher was also discussed in chapter four, while chapter five consists of discussions on results, implications, conclusion and recommendations. Possible solutions to the high rate of failures were also enumerated.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title page

Approval page

Dedication

Acknowledgement

Abstract

Table of contents

List of tables

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the study

1.2 Statement of problem

1.3 Purpose of study

1.4 Significance of the study

1.5 Scope of the study

1.6 Research questions

1.7 Definition of terms

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Mastery in shorthand

2.2 Basic skill in shorthand

2.3 Aural comprehension

2.4 Method of teaching shorthand

2.5 Causes of high rate of failures in shorthand

2.6 The impact of high rate of failures in shorthand

2.7 Summary of literature review

CHAPTER THREE

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND DESIGN

3.1 Area of study

3.2 Population of study

3.3 Sample and sampling technique

3.4 Sources/instrument for data collection

3.5 Validation of research instrument

3.6 Reliability of research instrument

3.7 Method of administration of research instrument

3.8 Method of data analysis

CHAPTER FOUR

PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS OF DATA

4.1 Analysis of results

CHAPTER FIVE

DISCUSSIONS ON IMPLICATIONS, RESULTS, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATION

5.1 Discussion on results

5.2 Conclusion

5.3 Implication of the results

5.4 Recommendations

5.5 Suggestions for further research

5.6 Limitation of the study

References

Appendix

LIST OF TABLES

TABLE 1 – 3 THE MEGATIE IMPACTS OF THE HIGH RATE OF FAILURES IN SHORTHAND

TABLE 4 – 5 THE POSITIVE IMPACT OF THE HIGH RATE OF FAILURES IN SHORTHAND

TABLE 6 – 14 CAUSES OF THE HIGH RATE OF FAILURES IN SHORTHAND

TABLE 15 – 17 CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE SCHOOL AUTHORITIES IN ALLEVIATION THE PROBLEM OF HIGH RATE OF FAILURES

TABLE 18 – 21 POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS TO THE HIGH RATE OF FAILURES IN SHORTHAND.

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Shorthand is any brief, rapid method of writing that is used in recording the spoken word.

Samalia (1973) define shorthand as a method of writing rapidly by substituting characters, abbreviations, or symbols for letters, words or phrases.

These method of writing have been invented and used during ancient and modern times, by different great men and countries with many system, but the first commercially used phonetic system of shorthand was invented by Sir Isaac Pitman, whose shorthand manual was first published in 1837, to date, it is the most prevalent system in English speaking world outside the united states. Sir Isaac Pitman used some signs that had been employed by others, what he did was original and important was to organize the principles for using the signs into a dependable system by which all words heard could be written.

Today, in some industrial nations, shorthand is used in business industry and in some profession to facilitate business transactions. Historians date the beginning of shorthand with the Greek. Historian xenophone, who used an ancient Greek system to write the memoirs of Socrates.

In the fourth century B.C, Marcus Tillius Tiro, a secretary to the Roman Orator cecero, invented a shorthand system called Tironian. According to Stoddard and scatter good (1983), the time that Tiro invented his system was quite clear and some people were as far as to say that he stole a system used in Greece. However, most people agree that Tiro’s notes were the first organized system that enable a writer to take down notes as fast as the were said.

Although shorthand writing has undergone many modifications since its invention. The Grreg and Pitman methods are the best known systems using symbols. About 1913, shorthand written by machine was introduced and Greg simplified version of shorthand written by machine was introduced in 1949 Crevised in 1963 and in the latter part of 20^th century, the use of shorthand machines became widespread.