A cross sectional survey, follow-up and evaluation, and on-farm and on-station performance evaluation were employed to study the productive and reproductive performances of three improved and one unimproved chicken strains. Improved Horro chicken, a synthetic Debre-zeyit (DZ) White-feathered and the exotic Potchefstroom Koekoek chickens were used for the on-station and on-farm evaluation study where as an assessment on poultry production system of unimproved Horro chickens was undertaken on-farm. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and Statistical Analysis system (SAS) were used for statistical analysis based on the appropriatness of statistical softwares. The mean age at first egg of hens at the highland, mid-altitude and lowland were 28.44±0.43, 25.49±0.52 and 23.63±0.46 weeks, respectively that the variation was significant (P