The purpose of this study was to examine factors that affect participation and academicrnpelformance of female students in secondwy school of Gambela region. Factors whichrnwere believed to affect the participation and academic pelformance of female studentsrnare in school and out school relatedfactors such as: teacher related, school facilities andrnservices related, students related, parent related, distance and guidance and counselingrnrelatedfactors Were stated and treated in accordance with objective of the study.rnDescriptive survey design was employed for this study. Data relevant to the study wererncollected through questionnaire, interview and document analysis. Then the collectedrndata were analyzed by using percentage, mean and t-test. Besides, Chi-square test wasrnemployed to examine the degree of conformity between teachers and female students'rnrespondents to the problem raised.rnThe finding regarding participation of female students revealed that even though there isrna change ji-om year to year the problem exists. Concerning the achievement, femalernstudents have lower academic pelformance relative to males in the region. This is arnfunction of different factors related to school and out of school factors.rnTherefore, suggestion such as the provision of gender sensitive training program tornstudents, instructors as well as for all the member of the societies, strengthening thernpelformance offemale students at primary, secondary and tertiary level to widen the poolrnof the level through possible interventions, in addition organizing the gender commitfeernand opening female affairs office facilitate forums for discussion and assertivenessrntraining to help female students to build self confidence and among the recommendationsrnforwarded