The tropical genus Erythril1a, which belongs to the family Leguminosae (sub-familyrnPapilionoideae), locally known as "Korch" (Amharic) and "Wolensu" (Oromo) has folkrnmedicinal uses such as in the treatment of stomach pain and female infertility. The seedsrnof this plant have been investigated before, whereas no previous phytochemical work hasrnbeen reported from the stem bark of E. melanacantha.rnThe isolation and characterization of alkaloids and flavonoids from the seeds andrnstem bark, respectively, of this species constitute the subject of this study. As a result, thernseeds and stem bark of E. melanacantha afforded eleven compounds, of which two are newrnnatural prodUCts. From the seeds three known alkaloids, namely, erythraline (11),rnerymelanthine (50) and erysovine (3) have been identified. Chemical investigation of thernstem bark resulted in the isolation of two new compounds characterized on the basis ofrnspectroscopic data as 5-hydroxy-7 ,8-(hydroxyisopropyl dihydrofurano)flavanone (152) andrna biflavanone (159). In addition, from the stem bark of this plant, five known flavonoids,rnnamely, glabranin (153), obovatin (155), 7-hydroxy-8-prenylflavanone (156) 3'-0-rnmethylorobol (157), 3'-methoxydaidzein (158) and a known cinnamate ester,rnerythrinasinate (160) have been isolated. Search in the chemical literature indicated thatrncompounds 153, 155, 156 and 158 have not been reported before from the genusrnErythril1a.rnGlabranin (153) is proposed as the biosynthetic precursor of the three compoundsrn152, 155 and 156, while compounds 152 and 153 serve as building blocks of the dimerrn159.