Determination Of Essential Non-essential And Toxic Metals In Croton Macrostachyus Leaves And Its Infusions (a Traditional Medicinal Plant In Ethiopia)

The concentration of nine essential metals (Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Co, Cr, Ni) and two nonessentialrnand toxic metals (Cd, Pb) were determined in leaves of the same species of Crotonrnmacrostachyus collected from four different areas (Akaki, Abomsa, Bonga and Dilla) andrninfusions of leaves collected from Akaki using flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS).rnAn optimized digestion procedure was selected based upon less reagent consumption, digestionrntime and mass of sample using 2 mL of HNO3 and 2 mL of HClO4 with 2:30 hours total time atrntemperature round 270 oC for digestion of 0.5 g of powder sample while 4 mL of HNO3 and 1rnmL of HClO4 with 2:30 hours total time for 25 mL infusion evaporated up to 3 mL. The validityrnof the optimized procedure was evaluated by the analysis of spiked samples whose recovery wasrnin the range 92-103% for the Croton leaves powder and 94-105% for the infusion samples. Thernmean concentration range of each metal in Croton leaves powder samples were Ca (1202–7040rnμg/g), Mg (271–2961 μg/g), Fe (169–581 μg/g ), Mn (157–1776 μg/g), Zn (19.7–60.5 μg/g), Curn(6.31–18.6 μg/g), Co (19.7–34.5 μg/g), Cr (21.3–87.5 μg/g), Ni (2.65–26.2 μg/g), Cd (1.08 –rn0.75 μg/g) and Pb (10.5–21.9 μg/g) for the Croton leave powders and Ca (467–1087 μg/g), Mgrn(13.9–52.6 μg/g), Fe (3.43–6.53 μg/g), Mn (2.17–3.42 μg/g), Zn (2.24–9.51 μg/g), Cu (2.17–rn2.54 μg/g), Co (2.15–2.83 μg/g), Cr (2.61–13.44 μg/g), Ni (2.17–2.80 μg/g), Cd (0.207 μg/g)rnand Pb (0.371–2.07 μg/g) for the infusion samples. The Croton leave powders contained morernamounts of metals than the infusions and it was rich in Ca to a largest extent followed by Mg andrnFe for Akaki and Abomsa and for Bonga and Dilla sites, respectively. Fe concentration wasrndetermined to be the highest followed by Cr and Zn out of the trace microelements Croton leavesrnpowder taken from Akaki and Abomsa whereas Mn concentration was the second next to Ca forrnBonga and Dilla sites. The metals were observed to leach in to the infusions at a rate highest forrnCa (61.5%) in the 24 h infusion and lowest for Fe (1%) in the 3 h infusion. The concentrations ofrnmetals in the Ethiopian Croton macorostachyus are comparable to values for other medicinalrnplants reported in other parts of the world. Poor correlation was observed between Mn as well asCo with almost all metals Croton leave powder samples and good correlation between all metalsrnin Croton leaves infusion was observed.rnKey Words: Croton macrostachyus, Croton leaves powder, Croton leaves infusion,rnEssential metals, Non-essential and Toxic metals, FAAS.

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