Enzymatic Esterification Of Carbohydrates With Fatty Acids Derived From Vernonia Galamensis

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Sugar fatty acid esters (SFAEs) are compounds produced from renewable and inexpensivernsubstances such as natural oils and glucose or starch. SFAEs are normally non-ionic, non-toxic,rnnon-irritants, odorless, tasteless and biodegradable. Due to these range of properties, theserncompounds have found applications as diverse as surfactants in the food and cosmetic industries,rnas insecticides and antimicrobial agents, in stabilizing and detergency or conditioning effects andrneven as non-caloric fat substitutes. Changing the nature of the starting materials such as usingrnoils with special functional groups has the potential to provide with value-added products andrnhighly versatile materials with interesting characteristics. Vernonia galamensis is a plant,rnendemic to Ethiopia, containing a very promising naturally epoxidized oil presenting also lowrntoxicity and inherent biodegradability. The synthesis of sugar fatty acid esters based on vernolicrnfatty acids could provide with products with the potential to be used as a new type of epoxidizedrnsurfactants or as starting materials for a variety of value added products. The chemical synthesisrnof monosubstituted starch/glucose esters is very difficult to achieve due to the poor selectivity ofrnthis approach. Enzymatic processes are an excellent alternative due to the high selectivity of thernreaction owing to their exquisite stereo-selectivity, regio-selectivity and functional grouprnspecificity. In this work, the synthesis of starch/glucose vernolates has been attempted fromrnvernolic acid and methyl vernolate by enzymatic (candida antarctica lipase B) esterification inrnthe ionic liquid [Bmim][TfO]. The use of ionic liquid avoids the use of environmentallyrnunfriendly volatile organic liquids. The low vapour pressure exhibit by ionic liquids avoids thernuse of molecular sieves as the water produced in the reaction can be continuously extractedrnunder vacuum. The synthetic procedure also includes the use of water mediated supersaturatedrnsolutions that allowed us to increase the concentration of glucose in the ionic liquid media.rnMoreover, the activity of the enzyme was found to be enhanced by the ionic liquid used. The products were characterized by melting point and 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy and the degreernof substitution of the glucose ester was investigated and found to be 2.17.rnKey words: ionic liquids, [Bmim][TfO], vernonia oil, vernolic acid, methyl vernolate, candidarnantarctica lipase B, fatty acid esters, glucose esters, starch esters

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Enzymatic Esterification Of Carbohydrates With Fatty Acids Derived From Vernonia Galamensis

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