This study is meant to understand the perceptions of Jimma UniversityrnJemale students and their mathematics instructors on Jem.ales' mathematicsrnachievements, and understand holV some Jactors influence the Jemales'rnperceptions. To do this; I used the qualitative research methodology andrncase study strategy. 1 held an in-depth interview, a Jocus group discussion,rnfield observation and document analysis. I analyzed the data using thernnarrative analysis technique. I employed the social constructivist perspectivernoj knowledge construction in learning mClthem.atics. 1 Jound out that thernfemale students and their mathemCltics instructors perceive that the Jemalernstudents have lower mathematics achievements than the male students. Thernfactors that influenccd the Jemales' perceptions are the Jact that Jemalernstudents are denied of their Jreedom of interaction that they required inrnlearning Illathcil1C1lics: the learning environll7ent is not meant for females 'rnlIlathemazic.:s learning; thr.::y don"t have rate models and mentors in learningrnmathematics,' they are seen as guests, and are Jorced into seeing them.selvesrnas guests in the mathematics class