The study area is located in Gambela Woreda of Gambela region (south westernrnEthiopia), about 777 km from Addis Ababa. It is characterized by steep slop tornthe east and lowland plain area to the western direction of the region. Gambelarnregion can be broadly classified into three agro-climatic zones, namely; moistrnand dry wina dega, moist kola and dry kolla or berha, but this research studyrnfocus mainly on moist Kolla agro-climate zone of Gambela Woreda.rnThe main objectives of this study have been to investigate the magnitude andrnextent of land cover changes due to the expansion of cultivated land and to seernindigenous resources management practices in the study area. The data for thernstudy was acquired from the field survey using structured questionnaires, grouprndiscussion, field observation and from the official un (published) documents. Thernmethod of analysis involves the computation of quantitative indices. Such asrnparentage, mean, coefficient of variation and standard deviation.rnThe qualitative results have show that the average holding size in the area isrn0.75 hectare with minor disparities between the Woreda and PAs. The findingsrnalso indicated fragmentation is greater among the indigenous farmers, since theyrnlive near the riverbank area. The research also indicated land cover/land usernchange in the last 16 years (1990 to 2006). Barren land and cultivated land arearnhave increased at the rate of 4.9 and 3 percent per annum.rnMoreover, traditional soil management practices are less employed by the studyrnpopulation to counter the depletion of soil nutrients. The study suggested thatrndeforestation and soil erosion problems need to be given due attention urgentlyrnto maintain the stability and resilience of the agro-ecosystem. In addition,rnintegrating agriculture with other income generating non farm activities are also important to raise the living condition of the people and to combat burning ofrnnatural forest for the purpose of hunting of wild animal and honey bee productionrnthroughout the dry season in all sites of the study area.