This study aimed at investigating the leadership behavior practices of school principals, and factors affecting leadership behavior in the Kirkos Sub City government secondary schools.Descriptive survey design was employed for this study. The study was conducted in all five government secondary schools in Kirkos sub-city. One hundred teachers were selected for this study by using simple random sampling technique and lottery method. Twenty principals, two secondary school supervisors, twenty PTSA and twenty five Students representatives were selected by using purposive sampling technique. Questionnaires, interviews, and focus group discussion (FGD) were the instruments used to collect data.The study measured teachers and principals perceptions of their school principalsâ€™ leadership behavior through the responses they gave on the Leadership Behavior Description Questionnaire (LBDQ). While examining the obtained data, Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 20) was utilized to carry out statistical procedures. First, the perceived leadership behavior, more suitable leadership behavior and factors affecting leadership behavior of principals and teachers were expressed. The research result indicated that the majority of secondary school principalsâ€™ consideration and initiating structure leadership behavior occasionally in some extent applied and expressed more suitable leadership behavior due to the fact that their conditions were quite different from each other and different factors affecting school principals leadership behavior.The study based on the findings give recommendations for better stand to: concerned bodies would be design and give leadership behavior training, let school leader freely exercise good leadership behavior to perform consideration and initiating structure and did not have external interferences, avoiding miss behavior, and unnecessary conflicts,cooperative accountability, committed on duties and responsibilities.