Education is the social process by which people are subject to influence on a selected and controlled environment. The general objective of the study is to access the status of current school-based supervisory practices and challenges in government secondary school, in South West Shewa Zone, Oromia Regional state. In this study, descriptive survey design with both quantitative and qualitative approaches was used. The data was gathered from primary sources to accomplish the study, to get reliable and valid information. Totally, 454 teachers are found in these sampled government secondary schools and 30.2% (n=140)of them are selected as sample for the study using simple random sampling technique. Regarding officials, each secondary school had one principal, two vice-principals, one cluster high school supervisor, and total number of eight principals, sixteen vice-principals, eight high school cluster supervisors and eight woreda educational supervision experts head and from zonal educational supervision experts five of them were selected . The data was analyzed by using descriptive that mean and standard deviation. As the finding indicated in service training was not given twice a year on school-based supervision for teachers and supervisors and lack of awareness about significance of school-based supervision.. The finding indicates that respondents had lack of awareness about significance of school-based supervision; the woreda education office and Oromia education officers are advised to create awareness about significance of supervision for teacher, student and school community as whole