The purposes of this study was to eXamil!e the challenges in achieving UPE byrn2015, and come up with strategies that should be designed to enhance enrollment ofrnschool age children of the pastoral community. In order to realize the study, descriptivernsurvey research was employed. This study was conducted in the three purposefullyrnselected woredas of Borana Zone. And the sample schools were selected throughrnrandom sampling technique. The subjects of the study were 156 teachers, 28 schoolrnprincipals, 20 educational personnel and educated group of this pastoral community.rnThe necessary information was obtained from these subjects through questionnaires,rnstructured interview and document analysis. Moreover, educational statistics andrnannual abstracts of the OEB and ZED were used to obtain the necessary data. The datarnobtained from the questionnaires were analyzed using statistical tools like percentage,rnmean and grand mean values. The data from documentary analysis and the findingsrnshowed that the provision of primary education in Borana pastoral community hasrnshown an improvement but not as its desired targets. The findings of the study furtherrnindicated socio-economic factors like high demand for children labor, lack of direct costsrnof schooling, nutrition problem, the pastoral way of life, poor educational background ofrnparents, conflicts, large family size, lack of adequate budget and drought have beenrnidentified as major challenges. Furthermore, socio-cultural factors such as negligence ofrnphysically impaired children, irrelevance of curriculum, existence of backwardrntraditional culture, shortage of role models of pastoral girls, early marriage andrnpregnancy, parents fear modern education change their culture, parents tend to favorrnthe education of boys than girls, low value given to the girls' education and absence ofrnsocialization p rogram to the new comer students were considered as barriers. Moreover,rnschool related factors like shortage of qualified teachers, shortage of female teachers asrna role model, weak school management, long distance walk between home schools,rnabsence of flexible school calendar, lack of adequate supervision services, shortage ofrnsyllabus and teaches' guides and lack of school facilities have been identified as majorrnproblems in enhancing enrollment of Borana pastoral school age children. Hence, it isrnconcluded that, in most cases, the provision of primary education for Borana pastoralrnchildren was a function of socio-economic, socio-cultural and supply side factors.rnDepending on the results of findings, building new schools near to the community,rnexpanding existing schools and ABE centers~ establishing mobile schools, expandingrnboarding schools, expanding existing feeding program, increase the number of femalernteachers, use of relevant curriculum, increase supervision services, allocate sufficientrnbudget to the schools, avoiding any school related costs, establishing especial supportrnprogram to the girls' education, mobilizing community awareness on the UPE goals, full fillrnschool facilities, attracting more NGOs that work on education issues, implementingrnflexible school calendar and mobilizing community support were among sound strategiesrnwhich have been identified by the respondents to increase the participation of school agernchildren in these lowland pastoral community