Diarrhea remains a major cause of mortality in children under 5 years of age in Sub-rnSaharan countries in Africa. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence ofrndiarrhea and associated factors among children under 5 years of age in ARFTH, Gofa andrnSignal health center of ministry of defense Addis Ababa,Ethiopia. A Health facility-basedrncross- sectional study was conducted among 348 children under 5 years of age but thernsample size calculatedwas439, due to the limited duration from April 1toApril 30/2014rnand non respondents, onlly348mothers were participated in thestudy.A questionnaire wasrnused for collecting information on socio-economic characteristics, environmental hygienernand behavioral practices, and occurrence of diarrhea among children under 5 years ofrnage.Result: the four-week prevalence of diarrhea among children under 5 years of age wasrn29.8%. Family income (OR =2.065, 95% CI: 1.205-3.533), Dipping water user (OR =rn34.850, 95%CI: 17.996-67.489), Number of rooms (OR =2.805, 95% CI: 1.693-4.649), andrnShared Latrine (OR=5.024, 95% CI; 2.997-8.422) were the major risk factors for diarrhea.rnThis study demonstrated that diarrhea morbidity was relatively high among children underrn5 years of age seen in Armed Forces Referral and Teaching Hospital, Signal health centerrnand Gofa health center. Efforts to reduce childhood diarrhea should focus on improvingrnhousehold sanitation, ensure availability of private toilet facility and increasing number ofrnrooms, construction of private toilet and avoid unsafe utilization of water.rnMethods; Proportional Quota sampling method based on number of patients and level ofrnservice used to obtain the study subjects from Armed Forces Referral land Teaching Hospitalrnand Gofa,Signal health center.