Drying-up of Eucalyptus species is not a common phenomenan in Ethiopia. The objective ofrnthis study was to assess the possible causes of the drying-up of the trees of majorrnEucalyptus plantations in two selected case areas and to make a recommendation forrnremedial measures. Systematic sampling was employed and 20mÃ—20m quadrats at 100mrninterval were laid out along transect. In each quadrat vegetation and soil were assessed forrnbiotic & abiotic factors. Among the abiotic factors soil depth, soil texture, bulk density, waterrnholding capacity of the soil, slope, and aspect were assessed. Among the biotic factors soilrnand root pathology and stand density were assessed. Pearson correlation coefficient wasrnused to compare the strength of the relationship of the parameters with mortality rate of therntrees. ANOVA was also used to compare rooting depth of the live and dried trees. Mortalityrnrate of Eucalyptus camaldulensis is negatively correlated with soil depth with a correlationrncoefficient ( pearson coeff.= -0.8507, P=0.0157) and (Pearson coeff.=-0.9393, P=0.0175) forrnboth case area I and case area II, respectively. There were no correlation between all otherrnsoil physical factors and mortality. The rainfall was very much below the average orrncomplete failure of rain (i.e., 0 mm in the months of February & March and 18.1mm in Aprilrnof 2008) and the temprature went above the average, i.e, 270c for 6 consecutive months.rnAccording to litreature such climatic pattern resulted in drying-up in the following year. Rootrnand soil samples test for phytophtora, which is known to cause root rot were assessed andrnfound negative for both the healthy and dried sample trees. On the other hand a comparativerndisease symptom assessment of the stems of the live and dried trees were made and thernresult showed that there was no indication of disease. Among the parameters taken only soilrndepth found to be the likely cause of Eucalyptus drying-up. All the other possible causesrnassessed didnt correlated significantly. As the result indicated from this study, it can bernconcluded that shallow soil depth through its effect on moisture availability resulted inrnEucalyptus dry-up in the long term.