Physicochemical And Bacteriological Analysis Of Some Selected Sites From Kebena River And Its Pollution Status In Addis Ababa

In this basic research, which is entitled as “Physicochemical and Bacteriological Analysis ofrnSome Selected Sites from Kebena River and Its Pollution Status in Addis Ababa“,rnbacteriological and physicochemical analyses have been carried out so as to study the quality ofrnKebena River based on spatial variations. The key problem that this research is, interested in isrnthe unreliable quality of water supply from the River. Three sampling sites were chosen spatiallyrnalong the water course to reflect a consideration of all possible activities that are capable ofrnaffecting the quality of the River water. And the hypothesized outcome or the expected result ofrnthe research has revealed the water quality of the River. The bacterial metrics that have majorrnimpact at P < 0.05 significance level on the quality of the River which were used include bothrnqualitative (presence or absence) and quantitative (within or beyond the acceptable limit) aspectrnnamely total coliform count (TCC), e.coli and bioburden; while the physicochemical parametersrninclude dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), temperature, pH, totalrndissolved solids (TDS), water hardness or total hardness, turbidity and conductivity. Thernmethods utilized by the research are biochemical or phenotype method via culturing method andrndifferent physicochemical analyses methods. Results indicated a higher bacteriologicalrncontamination in the Downstream as compared to that of Upstream and Midstream. The keyrn(major) or significant bacteriological finding has been the confirmation of the presence of e.colirnin the Downstream. The existence of total coliforms across the River has been a major threat forrnhuman health. The significant possible health impacts due to high level of these parametersrnabove the standards of WHO guidelines causes health concerns such as cramps, diarrhearn(gastrointestinal distress) intestinal illness and a serious kidney condition. Basic statisticalrnanalyses have been performed to describe data using quantitative measures such as mean andrnstandard deviation. The mean and standard deviation values have been calculated to assess thernspatial variability and identify the classification of water quality in the river. The correlationrncoefficients were calculated for water quality assessment. General Linear Models have beenrnconstructed by making use of univariate and multivariate analyses so as to show spatialrnvariability of the River water quality and the interaction and influence among differentrnparameters respectively. The values of the statistical measures have clearly shown deteriorationrnof the pollution status of the River from the Upstream to the Downstream.rnKeywords: Physicochemical Parameters, Bacteriological Parameters, Spatial Variability,rnRiver Water Quality.

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