This study has been conducted in the most southern Ethiopiaâ€™s Great RiftrnValley lake, Lake Chamo. A survey of fish landing sites and fishing gearsrnused in the fishery were made. A total of 51 landing sites werernidentified. Twenty three of them were major (having more than 10rnfishermen per day) and 20 were permanent. There were four kinds ofrngears on the lake during the study period: Nile Perch nets, Tilapia nets,rnhook & lines and beach sien nets. The most commonly used gear wasrntilapia net accounting for nearly 72.8 % of the deployed gears, followedrnby Nile perch net, which constituted 13.7%. Hook & lines cover 10.2 %rnand beach seines 3.8 %. Almost 87 % of the Tilapia nets and 94 % ofrnthe Nile perch nets had a mesh sizes smaller than the recommendedrnmesh size at least by four cm. The analysis of the composition of thernlanding showed that only three species were important in the landing: O.rnniloticus, L. niloticus and C. gariepinus. O. niloticus was dominating thernfisheries, accounting for more than 94% by number. L. niloticus accountrn2.1 % and that of C. gariepinus was 3.3 %. The length composition ofrnthe landing was used to estimate landing of immature fish. The resultrnshows only 2.2 % of the catch of O. niloticus and only 5.7 % of the Nilernperch catch were mature. Surplus production models were also used tornassess the harvest condition. The maximum sustainable yield andrnoptimum effort estimated by the Schaefer model were 4697 tons andrn1461 gears, while the Fox model estimated 3990 tons and 1111 gears.rnThe determination coefficients were r2=0.9687 for the Fox andrnr2=0.8589 for the Schaefer model. These results suggest that thernresource is overexploited. The assessment of the water quality status ofrnthe lake by taking some physico-Chemical parameters showed no threatrnfor fish population.