Landscape Approach, Non-Carbon Benefits and Institutional Arrangement for EffectivernREDD+ ImplementationrnSisay Nune HailemariamrnAddis Ababa University, 2018rnLandscape approach (LA) and Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradationrn(REDD+) are relevant to achieve Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) #13 & # 15, and limitrnglobal temperature below 2 Â°C. Institutional arrangements (IAs) and addressing forest Non-CarbonrnBenefits (NCBs) can determine success in implementation of LA and REDD+. Additionally,rntaking the emerging concept of Green Infrastructure (GI) into planning and implementation ofrnurban and rural development agendas can contribute to address adverse impacts of climate change.rnCurrently, sectoral planning and implementation dominate in Ethiopia, contributing to only therneconomic sector while undermining environmental and social benefits. The objectives of the studyrnwere (i) to analyze land use and land cover change (LULCC) between 1985 and 2015 in BMER,rn(ii) assess and document NCBs; (iii) assess GI in BMER urban centers in brief; and (iv) assess IAsrnto better inform decision makers to avail conducive policy for effective LA. Bale Mountains,rnSouthwest and Siemen Eco-Regions from southeastern, southwestern and northern Ethiopia,rnrespectively, were included in the study. Landsat images of 1985, 1995, 2005 and 2015 werernacquired for the LULCC study employing remote sensing and GIS. For the same periods, socioeconomicrndata were gathered from Central Statistics Agency. Additionally, focus grouprndiscussions and household surveys were conducted. Results showed that farmland and urbanrnsettlement expansion were major drivers of LULCC. Forests lost 123,751 ha (15.8%) whilernfarmland gained 292,294 ha (approx. 33%). About 10 forest products and services were mentionedrnby the respondents as important NCBs. The contribution of NCBs to the household economyrnranged from 10 to 51%. It is argued that landscape approach, NCBs and GI are important tools orrnstrategies to achieve various goals, such as SDGs and REDD+. IAs play pivotal role even thoughrnthe results showed presence of huge gaps in capacity. REDD+ can be achieved provided that: (a)rnproper and regular monitoring of LULCC is made to address drivers outside the forest sector; (b)rnforest governance system responds to the interest of the actors in a landscape and the role of NCBsrnis properly accounted for and valued; (c) capable and dedicated IAs are put in place. The need forrndeveloping a system to account for non-carbon benefits and environmental services as well asrnindicators for landscape approach is recommended.