The main purpose of this research is to understand how and to what extent charcoal production andrntrade has been affecting the livelihood of pastoral communities in 'Galeila Dora' KebelernAdministration, Gewane Wereda, Afar Regional State. The study focused on how the local coml'nunitiesrnrespond to the negative effects of charcoal production Fom indigenous trees. Household surveys, focusrngroup discussion, and key informant interviews were made to collect some valuable data andrninformation relevant for this sludy. Besides, observation was also made to verify what has beenrnactually happening to Ihe prosopis and indigenous trees in Ihe sludy siles. The resulls reveal that Ihernbenefits and profils obtained ji-om charcoal produclion ji-om prosopis tree, which was formallyrninitiated in this area, allracled the in/eresl of local communities, manage /0 improve the sla/lis of/heirrnlivelihood!urlher allracled by this business which laler turned their face 10 the illegal CUlling andrnburning of indigenous trees for beller incomes ji-am Ihe sale 0/ charcoals of high qualily and highlyrndemanded by the consumers in urban areas. As lillie goes on, the illegal culting 0/ indigenous Ireerncurrently reached an alarming stage requiring corrective action 10 be laken. Owing 10 Ihis fOCI; Ihisrnstudy suggesled 11701 Ihe regional and local governmenl officials need to design syslemalic approachesrnon how to manage the indigenous Irees. Moreover, laking legal aclion on charcoal praducers ji-omrnlegally prohibited indigenous Irees olher than the permitted prosopis Iree is urgently needed.rnTherefore, all government officials at all levels of adminislration need 10 discharge Iheir polilicalrncommitment in close conslillation with the local communities in ensuring /0 encounter {he aggressivernremoval of indigenous Iree belore their complete destruction.