Nowadays, federalism has been used as a means for the accommodation of diversity ofrndifferent groups with varied interests by minimizing the possibility of the domination ofrnminority groups by the majority across the world. Ethiopia, in order to manage therndiverse interests of its ethnic groups and rectify historical injustices, adopted a federalrnsystem de facto in 1991 and de jure in 1995. As one pillar of federalism, self-rule andrnshared-rule has to be managed fairly for the benefit of all ethnic groups. Self-rule andrnrepresentation at the center becomes even more crucial in a divided society like Ethiopia.rnThe Ethiopian federal system, though the national constitution invests a lot for thernprotection of self-rule and representation rights of minority groups, exhibits a gap in fullyrnimplementing these rights at the local level. This is mainly due to the legal lacunae andrnother practical problems manifested in the form of interference from higher officials andrnthe incumbent political party. The Argoba Nationality in South Wollo Zone of the AmhararnNational Regional State, as a minority nationality group, has less benefited from thernfederal state arrangement as enshrined in the constitution due to factors related to thernabove mentioned problems. This study is mainly conducted to examine the practicalrnimplementation of the self-rule and representation rights of Argoba Nationality in thernEthiopian federation. By doing so, it addressed two basic questions â€“ how the fullrnmeasure of self-rule and representation rights of minority groups (taking the Argobarnnationality wereda as a case study) is achieved and secured? What factors prohibitedrnand/or contributed the Nationality wereda from practicing these rights? To achieve thisrnpurpose, the study has employed qualitative research approach. Both primary andrnsecondary data sources have been consulted. The study found that, the protection ofrnArgoba nationality as a minority and local government is performed through merernrecognition of existence. The recognition is not accompanied by other minority ethnicrngroup rights such as a fully-fledged self-rule and representation rights at the center. Forrnthe recognition to be practical and meaningful, it is better for the regional state to allowrnthe Argoba Nationality to exercise their self-rule right at the local level and have theirrnfair share at the center by minimizing top-down interference.