Degradation of range resources has recently been a serious problem due to multiple causativernfactors such as climate change (increased CO2 concentration in the atmosphere), surge inrnhuman and cattle population, and range resource management regimes. The aims of thisrnresearch are to investigate Borana pastoralistsâ€™ indigenous range resources managementrntechniques and to describe the adaptation strategies of Borana pastoral community duringrnfrequent and extended drought.rnData were collected by employing in-depth interviews, observations, Focus Group Discussionsrn(FGD) and informal discussions. The study results reveal that Borana pastoralists indigenousrnknowledge and experiences play a great role in pasture and water resources management. Thernregulatory role of water in managing grazing land is a very key factor for range resourcernmanagement, especially during recurrent drought.rnIn addition, various adaptive strategies such as hay making and herd division are used byrnBorana pastoralists to cope with drought stress. Borana pastoralists are currently facingrnmounting challenges such as bush encroachment, shrinking of rangelands and frequent droughtrnincidents. Consequently, these have put a great strain in the pastoral production system andrneventually may even undermine the pastoral livelihoods in drought stressed semi-arid ecosystemsrnof the Borana lowlands.rnIn general, indigenous range resource management system is more or less efficient and environmentally sustainable though the external interactive factors put the resource base under stress. Development interventions were made to improve the Borana rangeland condition but could not bring lasting solution. Therefore, development interventions should work on improving their weak sides.