Study on the present status of cutaneous leishmaniasisrn(CL), hyraxes and Phlebotomus longipes was made from March,rn1987 to April, 1988.rnA house to house survey on the popUlation (1129 persons)rnof Meta Abo hills revealed 13 active cases (11.5/1000 andrn43 (38/1000) individuals with scars of CL. Of all changesrnin human attributes during the past seventeen years, thernrecently started villagization seems to have a reducingrntendency on prevalence. Active cases were found aggregatedrnaround hyrax habitats and most common in youth and middlernages. Males were more affected by the disease than females.rnIt was, therefore, suggested that most infections probablyrnoccurred near hyrax habitats.rnFrom a year round field observation on hyraxes, itrnwas demonstrated that hyraxes produced youngs twice a yearrn(i.e. in October and March) and that their low dielrnactivity occurred mainly in the early mornings and laternafternoons. Hyraxes of the area were seen in small coloniesrn(2-8) and were not abundant (about 23 individuals in twornhabitats).rnTen hyraxes were trapped from two of the three selectedrnhyrax habitats. Although all specimens displayed characteristicrnfeatures of Heterohyrax spp., variation in form was observed between the two populations seen in Meta Abo area. Fivernspecimens were examined for leishmanial infection but allrnturned negative.rnPopulation estimates of Phlebotomus longipes have shownrna unimodal peak in August and September. Low populationrnoccurred during the dry months, namely, December to January.rnDissections of 834 females revealed a bimodal distributionrnof parous rates. One peak occurred at the end of the dryrnmonths (December and January) and the other in May and June.rnThis may indicate two distinct generations in a year.rnOnly lout 514 (0.2%) females (fed, gravid and parous)rncollected from the three sites was found infected withrnleishmanial parasites.rnFrom the population estimates and distribution of parousrnrates, it was concluded that the peak transmission seasonrnwas in August and September.