Twenty-five tetraploid wheat landraces and 15 improved durum cultivars were used to studyrnthe diversity and relationships within and among tetraploid species and regions of origin, andrnimproved cultivars. Thirty-one polymorphic bands produced by two RAPD marker primersrnwere used for the analysis. The mean Shannon diversity index (H) for landrace collections andrnimproved cultivars were 0.34 and 0.23, respectively. Among the four species studied, T.rndurum was with the highest (0.32) diversity value whereas T. polonicum with the lowestrn(0.26). Similarly, Wello region collections revealed highest (0.27) tetraploid wheat diversityrnwhile Shewa collections, the lowest (0.22). The within species and regions variations werern81.4% and 72.2%, respectively. It suggests the need to collect more wheat germplasmrnsamples within regions. Cluster analysis for all genotypes grouped mainly into landracerncollections and improved cultivars. Clustering of landrace genotypes resulted in four groupsrnmainly according to their regions of origin. However, it failed to group on the basis of theirrnspecies. It suggests the presence of more genetic differentiation among regions than species.rnThe lowest (0.00) and highest (0.73) genetic distances were observed between Wet1224 andrnWet1570, and Wet1650 and Bae1117, respectively. The between species genetic distance wasrnlowest (0.016) between T. polonicum and T. turgidum, but highest (0.051) between T.rnaethiopicum and T. durum. Clustering of improved durum cultivars formed four groups atrn80% similarity coefficient. The lowest genetic distance (0.032) was observed betweenrncultivars Ld357 and Boohai, Foka and Kilinto, and Tob66 and DZ 1640. The highest distancern(0.34) was between Asassa and Bichena, Asassa and Boohai, and Bichena and Ude cultivars.rnThe average distance within improved durum cultivars was 0.157. It indicates that all the 15rnimproved cultivars are relatively similar. Little correlation was observed between groupsrnformed by cultivars and common parentage.rnpositive for M. bovis. The results indicated that M. tuberculosis is the causativernspecies for tuberculous lymphadenitis in Dera.