Population count of beisa OI)IX (OI)IX beisa) and other artiodactyls was conducted in AwashrnNational Park during August 2003 - Februwy 2004, which includes wet and dry seasons in thernarea. Both sample and total count methods were used to determine the current population size,rnseasonal distribution, habitat association and sex and age structure of beisa OIyx population, asrnwell as to assess the population status of other artiodactyls. Data on sex and age structure, habitatrnassociation, and seasonal variation in population size was analyzed using SPSS computer softwarernpackage and compared using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA).rnThe estimated population of beisa OIyx was 446 individuals. Their population has declined byrn88.9% and 52% compared to the 1969 and 1992 estill/ates, respectively. Beisa olyx population asrndetermined ji-Oll/ total count was 272 and 227 individuals during the wet and dl)1 seasonsrnrespectively. AII/ong them, 93% and 98% were encoulllered south of the Metahara-Awash highwayrnduring wet and dry seasons, respectively. They were seen concentrated in [Iala Sala grasslandrnarea during lVet season and move to the Awash River and Kudu Valley in search of water duringrndl)1 season.rnObsel1'ations on habitat association of beisa OIyx indicated a marked preference for grasslandsrnduring wet season and shrubby grasslands during (by season. The distribution of beisa OI:)lXrnduring the study period was IlOtuniform in the study area.rnThe relative abundance of green forage, vegetation cover, water, seasonal livestock and hUll/anrndisturbances were the major factors govel'lling their distribution. Age structure was dominated byrnadults, which constituted 76.31% of the total population. Sub-adults and calves together accountedrnfor 23.69% of the population. Relatively low proportion of the sub-adult and calves indicated a declining feature of the population. In addition to beisa OI)'X, 65 Soemmerring's gazelles, 413rnlesser kudus, 492 warthogs and 2770 Salt's dikdiks were estimated to be present in this area. Thernpoplilation estimate for other artiodactyls showed a drastic decline compared to the 1969 survey.rnFindings ji-om ground survey and socia-economic survey have revealed that competition ji-omrnlivestock, settlement, poaching, predation, road kill and bush encroachment were the main threatsrnfor the drastic decline of wildlife in Park area. Immediate conservation measures are essential tornhalt the severe decline of artiodactyl poplilations in ANP.rnKey words: Artiodactyls, Awash National Park, beisa o/)'X, poplilation status