Studies on species composition and significance of Insecticide Treatedrnmosquito Nets (ITNs) for malaria vector control were conducted in fourrnrandomly selected localities in Jolie Peasant Association, Meskan Woreda,rnGuragie Zone, Southern Ethiopia. Larval and adult collections wererncarried out, from different sites throughout the study period to identifyrnspecies composition, thus three Anopheline species: Anopheles gambiaerns.l., Anopheles pharoensis and Anopheles christyi were identified. An.rngambiae s.l. was the principal vector responsible for the transmission ofrnmalaria in the study area. The main identified breeding sites in the studyrnarea includes rain pools, river pockets, ponds, marshes and pools ofrnwater from spillage of canals which are the result of human activitiesrnrather than environmental causes.rnTo investigate the effect of Insecticide (Permethrin) Treated Mosquito Netsrn(ITNs), 20 houses with and without ITNs were paired. Malaria incidence,rnresting density and parity rate were assessed. The result of malariarnincidence showed that the difference was not significant at (ï£2 = 0.6247,rnP > 0.05). However, a clear reduction in the density of indoor restingrnpopulation of An. gambiae s.l. were found in houses with ITNs (t =rn10.0278, df = 38, p < 0.05). Similarly, the parous rates were significantrnat (ï£2 = 4.657, p < 0.05).rnFurther entomological studies are required to determine the vectorialrnstatus of the Anophelines in this area. Besides, in providing an enablingrnenvironment for scaling-up actions, governmental sectors need to focusrnon creating awareness on utilization and demand for ITNs through healthrninformation channels and mass media. At the end of 2004, 107 countries and territories had areas at risk ofrnmalaria transmission. Some 3.2 billion people lived in areas at risk ofrnmalaria transmission. An estimated 350â€“500 million clinical malariarnepisodes occur annually; most of these are caused by infection with P.rnfalciparum and P. vivax. Malaria causes more than 1 million deaths eachrnyear, out of which 90% of the malaria cases and deaths occur in Africa. Itrnalso contributes indirectly too many additional deaths, mainly in youngrnchildren, through synergy with other infections and illnesses (WorldrnMalaria Report, 2005; TDR, 1997-98).rnIn Africa, Southeast Asia and Eastern Mediterranean region estimatedrnnumber of deaths due to malaria in 2002 indicates that, 89% (1,136,000),rn5.1% (65,000), and 4.6% (59,000), respectively. Malaria control in Africarnis less successful because of the occurrence of drug resistant parasitesrnand insecticide resistant vectors, changes in the resting behavior ofrnmosquito (from endophily to exophily) as the result of frequent indoorrninsecticide sprays, lack of efficient infrastructure, shortage of trainedrnman power, lack of equipment, financial constraints, lack of appropriaternmanagement and inability to integrate several method of control (WorldrnMalaria Report, 2005; Toure, 1999).