The international, regional and natiollal systems recognize the right of childrenrndeprived of their ftunily environment and the right to special protection and assistancernto be provided by states. However, in many countries, weak infrastructure alld limitedrndistribution systems complicate the right to access to proper alternative carernmechanisms as stated under the CRC and ACR We. This has resulted in the realizationrnof children's right to alternative care setting a difflculty.rnEthiopia has ratified a variety of international and regional hUJ1J.an right instrumentsrnand has adopted constitutional provisions on the rights of the child. However, merernratification and adoption of treaties does not warrant the applicatioll of the right itself.rnCDFE in Ethiopia wonder on the streets because they have no families, food, hOllle orrnshelter, sometimes abused by adults, anc/lor other children. All what these childrellrnhave ill common is the total absence of the special safeguard and care which they needrnby reason of their physical and mental immaturity. In the presence of these grimrnrealities about CDFE, the countly cannot be said to have discharged its responsibilityrnunder international and regional human rights laws.rnCDFE are vulnerable. They are vulnerable because they are deprived of a naturalrnenvironment for their growth and well being. In view of this, they are in more need ofrnprotection by governmental and non-governmental organizations. The recognition ofrnthis need emanates from the numerous legal .1nd non-legal instruments adopted atrndomestic, regional and international level. There is an abundance of mechanisms andrnmachinelY in place, both on the national as well as on the international scene.rnHowever, forther has to be dOlle to make the rights of CDFE a reality.rnEthiopia has to study, analyze, and attack causes and factors that give rise to humanrnrights violations of CDEF. To that effect, revision and implementation of laws, policiesrnand programs that combine the provision of services and social and economicrnopportunities, the protection of the vulnerable and their meaningfid participation arernessential to address the current crisis of children deprived of parental care.rnThere is no single blueprint for success - no "one size fits all" approach to findrnanswers to these complex issues. Responses must be adapted to the individual child inrnhis or her unique circumstances.