Iron deficiency is probably the most common nutritional deficiency present in thernworld population. Predominantly plant-based diets that are constituted ofrnwholegrain cereals and legumes contain non-heme iron that is poorly absorbed duernto susceptibility to mineral chelating agents such as phytate and polyphenols, all ofrnwhich may adversely affect mineral bioavailability. When attempts are made tornremove or minimize the effects of the anti-nutrients, the dietary fiber matrix is oftenrnaltered or destroyed, which would make it possible to better target the inhibitors andrnto increase their degradation. The objective of this study was to investigate the effectrnof enzymatic treatment and particle size reduction on and evaluate their contributionrnto the bioavailability of iron using hemoglobin regeneration efficiency of rats. Thirtyrntwo (21-28 days old) male Wistar rats were fed with an iron-free diet for 21-28 daysrnto induce anemia. Then the rats were divided into four groups (n=8 per group) andrnfed with a diet which provides 35 mg of iron per kg. Hb measurement was done byrnHemoCue. Hematologic indices were calculated and bioavailability of iron wasrndetermined. The hemoglobin regeneration efficiency (HRE), was significantly higherrn(P< 0.05) in the control group, ferrous sulfate, n=8 (46.93Â±4.22), followed by thernxylanase-cellulase treated (37.84Â±3.99), followed by the micro-milled (31.75Â±3.62)rnand wholegrain (23.66Â±4.51) wheat flour groups. The HRE relative to ferrous sulfaterngroup (control 100%), of xylanase-cellulase treated wheat flour was 81.56Â±14.02%,rnmicro-milled wheat flour was 68.45Â±12.23% and wholegrain wheat flour wasrn50.64Â±9.64%. The present in vivo study clearly showed that the treatments can leadrnto hemoglobin regeneration in iron deficient rats and is thus an important source ofrnbioavailable iron.