Assessing Water Conservation And Demand Management Option For Addis Ababa City

This research develops water demand (end-use) modelling and forecasting, and assesses waterrnconservation and demand management potential for the city of Addis Ababa. The researchrnmethodology consists of four steps: 1) data collection, 2) assessing and reducing water distributionrnsystem leakage, 3) developing water demand (end-use) modelling and forecasting, 4) waterrnconservation and demand management analysis. International Water Association (IWA)/AmericanrnWater Work Association (AWWA)’s water loss analysis software and economical leakage reductionrnmodel is used for assessing and reducing water distribution system leakage. The Demand SidernManagement Least Cost Planning Decision Support System or DSS model is developed and used forrnwater demand forecasting and assessing water conservation and demand management measures. DSSrnmodel is Microsoft Excel application model. The non-revenue water (NRW) level in the waterrndistribution system in the city of Addis Ababa is found to be 38.2Million m3/year (39.5% system inputrnvolume). The real or physical losses are 26.2Million m3/year (27%) of the total NRW, the commercial/rnapparent losses are 10.1Million m3/year (10.5%) and unbilled authorized consumptions are1.9 Millionrnm3/year (2%). The economical leakage reduction model result indicated that 5.7Milion m3/year orrnabout 10% of the water losses is an ‘’economical leakage level’. This show about a 29.5% of waterrnlosses can be saved through implementation of the recommended water loss reduction programs for therncity of Addis Ababa. The water demand (end-use) modeling and forecasting has identified the cityrnaverage water use in liter per capita per day is 117 and the projected water demand will be 840, 1,502rnand 2,735 Million of liter per day by 2020, 2030, and 2040 respectively. With adaption andrnimplementation of the recommended water conservation and demand management program B in the city ofrnAddis Ababa would reduce the future water demand by 66%. This would postpone up to 2020 andrndownsize of the need for developing new water sources and infrastructures. Furthermore, the benefitcostrnanalysis result of adapting and implementing the recommended water conservation and demandrnmanagement program B provides present value benefit of 106,550 million birr and costs present value ofrn862 million birr to Water and Sewerage Authority of Addis Ababa (AAWSA). The benefit-cost ratio isrnfound to be 120. The cost of water saved is found to be 8,145birr/Million litre which is less than the cost ofrndeveloping new deep wells and operation and maintenance cost of 300,000birr/Million litres by AAWSA.rnTherefore, water conservation and demand management provides economically feasible andrnenvironmentally sustainable solution for meeting the shortfall supply and projected future water demand inrnthe city of Addis Ababa. The environmental sustainability of water conservation and demand managementrnoption is reducing the waste water generated from household and buildings to sewerage system or to thernenvironment.

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