This study examines the maritime dimensions of security in the Horn of Africa in relation tornrecent rise of piracy in the Somalian coast. Nowadays it is obvious that maritime transport is therncore element of world economy and each disturbance in the world shipping can create seriousrnproblems for world economy because 85% of world trade relies on maritime transport, especiallyrnnow when the world crises appeared. Currently Somali piracy forms maritime threats andrnvulnerabilities into the African security landscape. Since the collapse of the Somali state in thernearly 1990s, international community have expressed their concern toward the rise of piracy offrnthe Somali coast and the waterways of the Gulf of Aden. Particularly, the 2008 years marked anrnexceptional increase in pirate attacks in Somali waters and received widespread media attention.rnThe attacks did not only increase in number but also became more sophisticated in materials.rnThe increase in pirate attacks off the Horn of Africa is directly linked to continuing insecurityrnand the absence of the rule of law in war torn Somalia, while additional conditions aggravaternthe problem. The absence of a functioning government in Somalia remains the single greatestrnchallenge to regional security and provides freedom of action for those engaged in piracy alongrnthe Somali coast. Some observers also have alleged that the absence of coastal securityrnauthorities in Somalia has allowed illegal international fishing and waste dumping occur inrnSomali waters, which in turn has undermined the economic prospects of some Somalis andproviding economic or political motivation to some groups engaged in piracy. The anti-piracy efforts of the global community have not yet resulted in significant successes as the world focusing on fighting the symptoms of piracy. Nevertheless, some small positive developments are apparent, mainly in regard to strengthening a coordinated and uniform approach among them