This study was conducted in Amibara Woreda of the Afar Regional State. The study tried torninvestigate the gender dimensions of vulnerability to consequences of climate change. Moreover,rnadaptive capacity of women and men headed pastoral households which are required to takernappropriate adaptation measures and major factors that constrain the strategies of the respectivernhouseholds are also identified. Both qualitative and quantitative data collection techniques werernemployed to generate all the relevant data from various sources. Primary data were collected byrnusing household survey, key informant interview, focus group discussion and direct field observation.rnStructured household survey was conducted on 90 women and men pastoral households (i.e. 50%forrneach) selected by stratified random sampling technique from three representative kebeles. Secondaryrndata were collected from different published and unpublished materials; in addition 40 years rainfallrnand temperature data from meteorology station were obtained. The data were analyzed by usingrndescriptive statistics like frequency, mean and percentage. Some variables were analyzed using t-testrnto check statistically significant difference between the means of women and men headed households.rnThe findings of the study suggest that the changes in the climate are highly recognized by all thernrespondents. Extensive reduction in rainfall amount, few rainy days, increased temperature andrnincreased frequency and severity of drought are the most widely observed changes. Unlike thernanalysis of the rainfall data, the results of temperature data are in tandem with the observation of therncommunity. These observed changes have brought a lot of challenges on women and men headedrnhouseholds. These includes: livestock population reduction and decline in productivity, livestock feedrnshortage, deterioration of household food security, water shortage for livestock and human use, andrnemergence and spread of new human and livestock diseases. Generally, women headed householdsrnwho have limited access to and control over important resources and services are found to be thern'invisible and the more vulnerable' segment of the community. Both women and men headedrnhouseholds adopted various strategies in combination to cope with these challenges and reduce theirrnvulnerability. However, there are various factors that seriously constrain these strategies. As arnresult most of the adaptation strategies of the households, more specifically women headedrnhouseholds strategies are becoming a no option strategy. The study revealed that the existing biasedrngender relation is the fundamental reason for women headed households limited adaptive capacityrnand their disproportionate vulnerability to consequences of climate change. Finally, the studyrnrecommends the need to enhance women headed households capacity for effective adapt ion byrndevising gender responsive interventions. Moreover, it is important to strengthen the quality andrndelivery of important services and on top of this, efforts should be made to ensure the participation ofrnwomen to make them benefited.