Childhood as a foundation for adult life requires appropriate environment and care so thatrnchildren can develop into capable adults. Children are the source of hope and valuable assetrnof the nation. However, in this world there are different types of social problems; childrnlabour can be named as one. It hinders the normal and holistic growth of the child. It is arnglobal phenomena but the magnitude differs. However, the majority of working children asrnchild labourers are found in developing countries including Ethiopia. The same is true forrnOromiya National Regional State and Ambo town. In the light of the problem, this study wasrnconducted with an objective of investigating the demographic and socia-economicrndeterminants of child labour. The survey is largely based on primary data, i.e., quantitativerndata obtained through conducting HH survey. The information collected from 491 childrenrnaged 5-17 randomly selected from three kebeles and six t-As of Ambo town. Besides,rnqualitative data gathered through FGDs, key informant interviews and direct personalrnobservation. The un i-variate analysis helps in the explanation of background information ofrnthe respondents using percentages, charts, tables, etc. In order to find out the differentialsrnbetween demographic and socio-economic variables with child labour the bi-variaternanalysis, i. e., the chi-square test is used. According to the multivariate analysis, age ofrnchildren, relationship to the head, birth order, current school attendance of children; literacyrnstatus, employment status, occupational status of the HHH, and sufficiency of HH incomernbecame the significant determinants of child labour. One of the important implications whichrncame as recommendation is that the problem of child labour is vast and complex in nature,rnand no single intervention strategy is adequate by itself Therefore, it requires multirndimensional strategies for the development of preventive, protective and rehabilitativernprograms.