Addis Ababa, the capital city and the most urbanized center in Ethiopia, hasrnexperienced a TFR level of 1.8 births per woman in the year 1994 that never expelienced byrnany other city of developing country. As such an attempt is made by CSA to investigate thernreal level of fertility and it is reported that the plausible estimate of TFR for Addis Ababa forrn1994 was 2.14 births per woman. The present thesis is therefore designed to (i) re-estimate thernlevels of fertility for Addis Ababa for the recent past using appropriate indirect techniques andrnto reconfirm the fertility decline reported by CSA; and (ii) determine the importantrndemographic, socio-economic and proximate determinants of feltility for a change in feltilityrnof Addis Ababa during the 1990 and 1995.rnThe study uses the data on fertility of 1990 NFFS and 1995 FSOUAA, conducted byrnCSA. The study concludes that the estimate made by CSA of 2.14 births per woman is quiternacceptable. The present study provided a plausible estimate of 2.2 births per woman as anrnalternative estimate of TFR for the period of 1989-94. This estimate is arrived at using Rele'srn(1987) refined methodology. The study also provided a time series of TFRs, model ASFRs,rnstarting from 1974-79 to 1998.rnThe study is said to be unique in the sense that for the first time an attempt is made inrnthis thesis to provide Bongaarts indices, indirectly, for the time periods of 1974-79, 1979-84,rn1984-89, 1989-94 and also for 1998, for Addis Ababa, from the simple information on TFRs.rnFurther using the index values it is successfully shown that fertility has declined oveltime to arngreat extent mainly due to the affect of marriage followed by a less extent of contraceptivernuseThe study finally concludes that although marriage pattern is playing a great role inrnthe decline of fertility of the recent past, the role played by contraceptive use cannot bernneglected. However, as its impact is observed to be low when compared to the impact ofrnmarriage, it is recommended to improve the effect of contracepti ves by means of advi singrnwomen in reproductive ages to use contraceptives to limit births, instead of postponingrnfurther. The study also recommends making use of services of the voluntary organizations forrndemographic causes, such as reducing mortality.