Background: Despite the increased use of blood and blood component transfusion therernseems to be an obvious lack in the knowledge and practice of the process. There is also arnlack of institution wide guideline on the practice and adequate training given tornphysicians. This is a special concern because even though blood and blood componentrntransfusion is a life saving process it carries its own risks.rnObjective: To evaluate the utilization, practice, indications, complications of blood andrnblood component therapy in medical patients admitted to Tikur Anbessa hospital.rnMethodology: Institutional based prospective quantitative descriptive study will bernconducted to assess utilization, indications, complications of blood and blood componentrntransfusion. Data will be collected using pre prepared check list and will be analyzedrnusing Statistical Package for Social Sciences, version 20.rnResults: During the study period there were a total of 329 units of blood and bloodrncomponent issued to the medical wards with 148 episodes of transfusion. Male patientsrnaccounted for % of patients and females accounted for -%. The most common age grouprntransfused was (n = %). The most common indication for transfusion is (n = %). He mostrncommon primary diagnosis is ( n %). The most commonly used blood component is (n =rn%). Vital sign was recorded only in (n = 8, 5.4%) prior to transfusion, (n = 5, 3.4%)during transfusion and (n = 10, 6.8%) post transfusion.rnConclusion: This study provides information about the trend of utilization, indication andrnpractice of blood and blood component therapy in medical wards of black lion hospital.rnThe data obtained will help to guide improve transfusion practice, and planning for futurernneeds in blood and component therapy in the future.