Various kinds of religious controversy were an important feature of Ethiopian hi story inrngeneral and Ethiopian church history in particular. There were doctrinal conflicts on thernmystery of the Trinity, on the mystery of the In carnat ion; as well as conflicts onrnthe observance of the Jewi sh Sabbath , on the veneration of the Virgin Mary, onrnthe date of the second coming of Je sus Christ etc. Despite efforts to eliminaterndifferences, most religious conflicts existed for a long period of time. Relatively speakingrnthe controversy on the incarnation of Clu-ist remained for longer period - for more thanrnfive centuries- than others. In this regard the central conflict revolved around thernquestion, "how the human body became God?" Was it through the unction of the HolyrnSpirit or through the union with the Word of God? The Qab'at school of thought favoredrnthe formula that the human body became the natural Son of God through the unction ofrnthe Holy Spirit at the moment when the Virgin Mary accepted the Archangel Gabriel'srnannunciation.rnThe Qab'at school of thought was influential for certain periods for the reason that itrnembraced well respected scholars and was able to create a link with the royal court. It hadrninfluential personalities like Abba Sd r~d Dangal, Abba Zakre, Abba pawli, andrn[Abba] Sdlik. The school was influential even at the level of state reli gion duringrnthe reigns of ASe Fasil (r. 1632-166 7), Ase T iiklti Haymanot (r. 1706-1708), ASernTewoflos (r. 1708-1711), Ase Dawit (r. 1716-1 72 1), ASe Iyasu II (r. 1730- 1755 ),rnand Ase Iyoas I (r.1755-1769). The time of the Zdmdnd Mdsafant, lit. 'The era ofrnprinces,' was also beneficial for the school. It began to deteriorate after 1855 , atrnthe time of the counci l of Amba cara during the reign of ASe Tewodros; and itrnwas almost abolished in 1878 at the time of the council of Soru Meda during thernreign of ASe Yohannes IV. Since then, the school is in a vu lnerable position.rnEven though any kind of controversy is undes irab le , the controversy on thernincarnation of Christ motivated Ethiopian theo logians to produce religiousrndocuments that support their position . However, except for some instances, wernknow the history and teaching of the Qab'at School of theology mainly from thernsources of the opposing school of thought. Thus a clear picture of the school isrnlacking. This paper seeks to fill this gap, based on Mdsal}afd Zakre wd-pawli, 'thernbook of Zakre and jJawli,' which is a hi storical as well as theological document of thernQab'at School.