Effective Transportation management practices have become a potentially valuable wayrnof securing competitive advantage through enhancing operational and improvingrnorganizational performances. By considering this fact and the central role of road freightrntransportation at every logistics activity, the studies was conducted with main objectivesrnof assessing transportation management practices, identifying major factors affecting thernperformance and assess the overall performance of road freight transportation servicernusing performance dimensions of cost, reliability, responsiveness, and flexibility. Thernstudy applied an explanatory type of research design. Data was collected through arnquestionnaire and distributed to 115 selected Ethiopian Shipping and Logistics ServicernEnterprise staffs of the Kality land Transport branch office. Out of the 115 distributedrnquestionnaires, only 102 were used for the analysis. The data collected were analyzedrnusing software SPSS version 25 and presented using descriptive texts, frequency tables,rnmeans, standard deviations, coefficient of correlation, multiple linear regression analysis,rnand sample T-test. The assessment of the study revealed that transportation managementrnpractices were perceived to be well practiced by Ethiopian shipping and logistics servicernenterprise except for the enterprise considers environmental and energy concerns ofrntransport providers when selecting carriers, considers consolidation opportunities tornreduce transport costs, submits transport instructions to carriers online paperless andrntime-saving, considers specialized training of drivers and operators in handling specialrncargo like dangerous or perishable cargo to reduce damages to goods in transit, andrnarranges for regular performance reviews with drivers and agree on areas ofrnimprovement. The study revealed that shortage of foreign exchange, lack of genuinernspare parts and lack government support from the external factors and failure to use ofrnautomated systems or mechanisms to increase road freight transportation performancernand failure to use information technology as a tool for helping in decision making as wellrnas lack of sufficient skilled manpower in vehicle maintenance from internal factors arernfound to be the main factors affecting the performances of the road freight transportationrnin Ethiopian Shipping and Logistics Service Enterprise. Performance measured in termsrnof cost and reliability is perceived performing fair while performance measured in termsrnof responsiveness and flexibility is perceived to be not performing well. The hypothesisrntesting and regression analysis of the study variables revealed that LeadershiprnCommitment, Coordination & Information Flow, Internal Process and Procedures, Legalrn& Political Factors, and Technological Factors were found positively related atrnsignificant value p