Small business enterprises are important forces in generating employment and more equitable income distribution. The aim of the study is to assess the major factors that affect the performance of micro and small business enterprise with the moderating role of organizational context factors in Addis Ababa, Kirkos Sub-City. For this purpose, an explanatory type of research approach has been employed to carry out the study. The researcher uses largely quantitative approach and supplements it with descriptive and explanatory research approaches. The researcher has employed random sampling technique to draw a representative sample from the population under study. The necessary data has been collected using both primary and secondary sources. For the purpose of analysis, the collected data has been tabulated and using version 20 Software Statistical Packages for Social Science (SPSS) descriptive, explanatory and inferential statistical tools have been applied. The result of the analysis shows that the moderator variable organizational factors positively affect the relationship between the dependent and independent variables of the study, the descriptive analysis indicates that although there are positive attributes relating to MSEs there are also some short cummings as well and that government support must be ratcheted up.