Isolation And Antibiotic Susceptibility Of Shigella And Campylobacter From Acute Enteric Infections In Yekatit 12 Hospital And Shiromeda Health Center Addis Ababa

Background -Acute infective diarrhoea and gastroenteritis are major causes of ill health andrnpremature death in developing world due, in large part, to the lack of safe drinking water,rnsanitation and hygiene, as well as poorer overall health and nutritional status. Among the leadingrncauses of infectious diarrhoea, Campylobacter and Shigella contribute a lot. Antimicrobialrnresistance has developed among many of the major diarrheal bacterial pathogens andrncomplicated the selection of antibiotics for the treatment of enteric bacterial pathogens,rnparticularly to commonly used antimicrobial agents such as ampicillin, tetracycline andrntrimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole.rnObjective - To isolate and determine antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Shigella, andrnCampylobacter from acute enteric infections in Addis AbabarnMethod - A cross sectional study was conducted from December 2010 to March 2011 atrnShiromeda health center (n=254) and Yekatit 12 Hospital (n=140). All diarrheal stool specimensrnwere cultured for isolation of Shigella and Campylobacter species. Antimicrobial susceptibilityrntesting was performed for culture isolates according to the method of Clinical and LaboratoryrnStandards Institute (CLSI) by disk diffusion method.rnResult – A total of 163 enteropathogens were isolated from 394 patients that had acute diarrhea.rnThe isolates were 37 (9.4%) Shigella species, 19 (4.8%) Campylobacter species, 23 (5.8%)rnSalmonella species and 84 (21.3%) parasites. 192 (48.7%) of the patients were females and 202rn(51.3%) were males making the female to male ratio 1:1.05. The antimicrobial susceptibilityrnpattern for 37 strains of Shigella isolates showed 67.6% resistance to ampicillin followed by,rntrimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (64.7%), and chloramphenicol (40.5%). More than 90% of thernstrains were sensitive to nalidixic acid ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin and polymyxin B. Multiplernresistances (resistant to two or more drugs) were observed in 23 (62.1%) of the isolates. AllrnCampylobacter spp. were susceptible to chloramphenicol and showed low resistance rates (

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