Effect Of Resveratrol Metformin And Eucalyptus Oil On Visceral Fat Deposition Serum Glucose Lipid Profiles And Liver Function Tests Of Swiss Albino Mice Fed A High-fat Diet

Introduction: Obesity results from environmental and genetic factors and is rapidlyrngrowing public health problem with its leading co-morbidity type 2 diabetes. Greatrnemphasis has been put on establishing treatments for obesity, including pharmacologicalrnintervention using animal models of obesity.rnObjective: To develop an obesity model in Swiss albino mice using a high fat diet, that isrnfeasible and affordable in Ethiopia, and to assess the effect of resveratrol, metformin andrnEucalyptus oil on body weights, visceral fat deposition liver histology, serum glucose, lipidrnprofiles and liver function tests in these mice.rnMethods: Male Swiss albino mice were fed a normal chow diet, high fat diet (52% fat,rnw/w) containing lard made from choma (crude beef fat), a high fat diet with resveratrol (75rnμg/ml) in the drinking water for 12 weeks, a high fat diet with intraperitoneal metforminrninjections (250 mg/kg/day) and a high fat diet with Eucalyptus oil (10μL/mouse/day)rnadministered intraperitoneally for 8 weeks. Body weight, visceral fat mass, blood glucose,rnserum lipid profiles, serum liver enzymes, and liver histopathology were assessed.rn.rnResults: The high fat diet did not cause significant changes in total body weight of mice,rnbut there was significantly more visceral fat deposition as large fat pads in mice fed a highrnfat diet for 12 weeks (1140.0 ± 248.8 mg, as compared with 66.5 ± 27.6 mg in normal dietrnfed mice) and also in mice fed a high fat diet for 8 weeks (862.4±148.7 mg, as comparedrnwith 611.7 ±178.3 mg for mice fed a normal diet). The high fat diet did not induce anyrnobvious prediabetic or diabetic state and did not raise fasting blood glucose level above thernnormal range. Resveratrol administration to Swiss albino mice fed a high fat diet did notrncause any significant effect on body weight, visceral fat mass, fasting blood glucose, liverrnenzymes, or serum lipid profile. Treatment with metformin did not have any significantrneffect on body weight, fasting blood glucose level, visceral fat mass, serum liver enzymes,rnserum total cholesterol level or serum triglyceride level, but metformin significantlyrnincreased serum HDL level, and decreased serum LDL level, and raised serum AST level.rnEucalyptus oil did not have any significant effect on body weight and visceral fat mass,rnserum ALT level, serum ALP level, serum total cholesterol and on serum triglyceride level,rnbut it significantly lowered serum LDL levels and raised serum HDL level, as well asrnweakly increasing serum AST. Eucalyptus oil also lowered blood glucose levels evenrnthough they were within the normal range to begin with.rnConclusion: The high-fat lard diet developed in a Swiss albino mouse model may be arnuseful model for visceral obesity, but, without modification, was not a model forrnprediabetes or diabetes. Resveratrol had no effect on body weight, fat deposition andrnmetabolic profiles. Metformin caused elevation of HDL and lowering of serum LDL.rnEucalyptus oil lowered fasting blood glucose and serum LDL levels and it elevated serumrnHDL levels. The significance of these findings are discussed.rnKeywords: Obesity, High fat diet, AMPK, Resveratrol, Metformin, Eucalyptus oil

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