Background: Cancer is potentially fatal diseases; it can be caused by mainly environmentalrnfactors that mutate genes encoding critical cell-regulatory proteins. Cisplatin is a potent and anrneffective chemotherapeutic agent used to treat cervical and ovarian cancer, but is associated withrnthe risk of nephrotoxicity. The prevalence of cisplatin based chemotherapy inducedrnnephrotoxicity was not assessed in Ethiopia.rnObjective: To assess the magnitudes of Cisplatin-based chemotherapy induced nephrotoxicityrnamong cervical and ovarian cancer patients underwent cisplatin treatment at the oncology unit ofrnTikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital (TASH).rnMaterials and Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study has been conducted on 76 cervicalrnand ovarian cancer patients who received cisplatin based chemotherapy. Clinical and laboratoryrndata including kidney function tests were recorded at baseline and 21 days after treatment withrncisplatin based chemotherapy. Serum creatinine, urea, uric acid and calcium have been analyzedrnusing automated clinical chemistry analyzer (Mindray02) and estimated creatinine clearance hasrnbeen calculated based on Cockcroft-Gault formula. Toxicities were classified according to therncommon toxicity criteria (CTC) scale set by (NCI CTC AE V4.0).rnResults: Serum creatinine, uric acid levels increased significantly during the 1 cycles ofrnchemotherapy, whereas eGFR levels decreased significantly. Accordingly, the results werern(1.0854 Â±0.781SD), (5.9 Â±2.7SD) and (50.217Â±14.0SD) respectively where the (P. value 0.001),rn(p.value 0.00) and (p. value 0.00). On the other hand, serum urea and calcium levels showed nornstatistical significant difference have been shown where (p. value>0.05). According to Pearsonâ€Ÿsrncorrelation analysis showed pre and post chemotherapy there was a strong negative correlationrnbetween the eGFR and serum creatinine level correspondingly (rho: â€“0.150 Vs -0.136, P